Publications

Example Publication with M-Lab Contributors

2024

Matt Mathis, Stephen Soltesz, Chris Ritzo

This is an example showing how to link publications to people in the people collection.

M-Lab : Internet Measurement - Open Source, Open Data

2020

Chris Ritzo

M-Lab Community Lead, Chris Ritzo, presented remotely to the Network Technologies and Services Evolution work group of the GÉANT GN4-3 project, at their [workshop on Performance Management](https://wiki.geant.org/display/PUB/Performance+Management+Workshop), held in Zagreb on 4th-5th March 2020.

Open Broadband Measurement Tools for Community Driven Data Collection

2020

Chris Ritzo

As a part of the [Michigan Moonshot Webinar series](https://www.merit.edu/services/moonshot/), M-Lab Community Lead, Chris Ritzo, shared information about the publicly available datasets and tools from Measurement Lab (M-Lab), and how they have been used for planning, decision making, and advocacy. M-Lab is an open source, civil society led, global platform for measuring broadband Internet service. In addition to supporting a portion of the FCC’s Measuring Broadband America program since its beginnings, M-Lab’s open source tools and data have been used in similar initiatives on local and regional levels, enabling communities to gather data about broadband in their communities, including the Michigan Moonshot initiative.

Hack for a Cause 2019

2019

Chris Ritzo

M-Lab's Program Management and Community Lead, Chris Ritzo, gave a keynote to kick off Hack for a Cause 2019, April 26-28, 2019 in Eugene, OR. The grand challenge was Speedup America, a web application that aggregates M-Lab data, the NDT speed test, and requests enhanced geolocation within the web browser. The grand challenge was put forward by Lane County government, to encourage innovation to build understanding of broadband availability and quality of service with high geographic accuracy. For M-Lab, Speedup America represents a growing developer community and the use of our public data and open source tools to serve the needs of local and regional governments and municipalities.

Internet2 Tech Exchange - Bring NDT Back: Measurement Lab Modernizes NDT Server

2019

Chris Ritzo, Matt Mathis

The R&E network community using perfSONAR used to include the Network Diagnostic Tool (NDT), a single stream performance measurement of bulk transport capacity. Many years ago, perfSONAR dropped support for NDT since its dependence on the web100 kernel library required running old, outdated, and hard to secure linux kernels. Measurement Lab (M-Lab) had the same problem, but has continued to host NDT as an Internet measurement service on our global server platform. Over the past two years, M-Lab developers have been working through the technical debt to migrate our platform to Docker containers, managed by Kubernetes, and concurrently have refactored NDT server, and developed reference clients for various languages and operating systems. The new NDT server is 'Docker-ized' and is based on WebSocket and TLS, uses TCP BBR where it is available, and is backward compatible with previous clients. M-Lab anticipates that. by the end of Q3 2019, all our servers worldwide will be running the new NDT version, managed by Kubernetes.

Measurement Lab - Open Data on Global Internet Health - csv,conf,v4

2019

Chris Ritzo

Measurement Lab (M-Lab) is the largest open internet measurement platform in the world, hosting internet-scale measurement experiments and releasing all data into the public domain (CC0). We are an open source project with contributors from civil society organizations, educational institutions, and private sector companies, and are a fiscally sponsored project of Code for Science & Society. Our mission is to Measure the Internet, save the data, and make it universally accessible and useful. M-Lab works to advance network research and empowers the public with useful information about broadband and mobile connections by maintaining a scalable, global platform for conducting internet measurements, and by supporting an ecosystem of external partners and users around the world interested in using the resulting open data. Our users are researchers, activists, analysts, journalists, experiment developers, hosting providers, regulators, municipalities, and every day consumers. M-Lab works to enhance internet transparency, and help to promote and sustain a healthy, innovative internet by supporting our users in their research and data analyses, developing and publicizing new use cases for our datasets, forming collaborative partnerships, and building open source measurement tools. In this talk we will introduce the M-Lab platform with the csvconf audience, share how our open data and open source tools are being used by communities around the world, and provide resources on how attendees might use them as well.

Measuring Internet Performance - 2019 Indigenous Connectivity Summit

2019

May Lynn Lee, Cybera; Chris Ritzo, Measurement Lab

M-Lab Community Lead, Chris Ritzo, co-presented with May Lynn Lee from [Cybera](https://www.cybera.ca/){:target="\_blank"}, a breakout session on measuring Internet performance at the 2019 Indigenous Connectivity Summit. Both M-Lab and Cybera are involved in similar premise device-based measurement initiatives with community anchor institutions in the United States and Canada respectively.

NACo Annual Conference

2019

Chris Ritzo

M-Lab Community Lead, Chris Ritzo, provided an overview of M-Lab to NACo’s Rural Action Caucus (RAC). NACo's “TestIT” app that integrates M-Lab's NDT test was of specific interest as the national association of county elected officials explores the connection between national broadband data and federal funding. RAC members also had the opportunity to ask questions of NACo's developer of the TestIT App, learn how to access and analyze the data being collected.

NACo Rural Action Caucus Summit

2019

Chris Ritzo

M-Lab's Community Lead, Chris Ritzo, provided a follow up talk about M-Lab default NDT data and test data collected by NACo's TestIT mobile app, and discussed the nuances and differences between these two sources of broadband measurements and the various FCC data sources.

Supporting Open Internet Research - IETF 105 - Global Access to the Internet for All (GAIA)

2019

Lai Yi Ohlsen, Chris Ritzo

M-Lab Director, Lai Yi Ohlsen, and Community Lead, Chris Ritzo, presented remotely to the GAIA working group at IETF 105. The talk, "Supporting Open Internet Research", provided an introduction to M-Lab tools and data, and how our platform is currently used by researchers.

Supporting Open Internet Research - Quilt Community Call Presentation

2019

Lai Yi Ohlsen, Chris Ritzo

M-Lab Director, Lai Yi Ohlsen, and Community Lead, Chris Ritzo, presented to the regional research and education network community, The Quilt, in their December community call. The talk, "Supporting Open Internet Research", provided an introduction to M-Lab tools and data, and how our platform is currently used by researchers and M-Lab open source tools available to the R&E Network community.

University of Guelf Broadband Analytics Workshop

2019

Chris Ritzo

The [Regional and Rural Broadband (R2B2) Project](http://www.r2b2project.ca/){:target="\_blank"} hosted guests from Measurement Lab (M-Lab) which provides the largest collection of open Internet performance data on the planet. The workshop also considers new and existing tools for broadband infrastructure mapping, data visualization and analysis.

Measuring Broadband in Schools

2017

Chris Ritzo

The challenges that school administrators face when budgeting for and deploying technology vary widely, as do their approaches to supporting its use within their schools. Measuring and assessing network health is a critical challenge facing public schools as they plan for both today’s and tomorrow’s broadband needs. New America’s Open Technology Institute (OTI) and Education Policy program partnered with the IT staff at Alexandria City Public Schools (ACPS) in Virginia to conduct a pilot study as a first step toward addressing this challenge. The study, Measuring Broadband in Schools, looked at the complexities of understanding network capacity in education institutions, and sought to better understand the challenges of measuring network capacity at the point of use in schools.

Blog Posts

Open Measurement Hackathon at the ACM Internet Measurement Conference (IMC) 2025

M-Lab, OONI, IIJ, Dioptra Research Group, Cloudflare Radar, Reverse Traceroute, and IODA hosted the Open Measurement Hackathon, October 31, 2025, following the ACM Internet Measurement Conference (IMC) 2025 in Madison, Wisconsin, USA.

EventCommunityResearch

By Chris Ritzo, Melissa Newcomb, Pavlos Sermpezis

November 12, 2025

Run a private ndt-server (updated)

Back in 2019, I wrote about how to install the open source ndt-server that M-Lab uses, on a server of your own. Our goal is that others can use M-Lab's tools to measure their own networks. This post is an update, with a couple more features.

NDT ServerTutorial

By Chris Ritzo

February 16, 2022

ARC of Research pt. 2: Exploring Data Sources Relevant to Our Questions

In this second “analysis recommendations in context” post, we will explore the refined research questions from the first post, resulting from our discussion of how to design specific questions with understanding of available data source(s) and the context of what each contains. We emphasized the ...

NDTResearchBigquery

By Chris Ritzo

February 14, 2022

Analysis Recommendations in Context - ARC of Research pt. 1: Asking the Right Questions

A while back, our team published some analysis recommendations for anyone working with our data from the Network Diagnostic Tool (NDT), comparing it to other Internet measurement data sets, and drawing conclusions or inferences about the data. These recommendations are intended to provide guidanc...

NDTResearchBigquery

By Chris Ritzo

February 9, 2022

Revisiting National Broadband Datasets and Maps

When thinking about broadband in the United States, the first thing people likely think about is whether their connection is fast enough-- are they getting the speeds they need to do business, go to school, etc. The dominance of “speed” in assessing broadband service goes all the way to the top- ...

NDTOoklaData

By Chris Ritzo

January 24, 2022

NDT Data in NTIA Indicators of Broadband Need

The National Telecommunications and Information Administration’s (NTIA) recently released a new public map, the [Indicators of Broadband Need][ntia]. Pulling together different sources of data in this excellent, publicly available resource is helpful to communities as they plan how and where to i...

NDTDigital Inclusion

By Lai Yi Ohlsen, Chris Ritzo

July 15, 2021

Evolution of M-Lab's Geographic and Network Annotations

In our recent [roadmap post][roadmap], we shared a list of milestones that the team is working on this and last quarter. Our Datatype migration and Standardized Columns milestone references the [gardener service][gardener], which maintains and reprocesses M-Lab data, as well as the [UUID annotato...

ResearchDataPipeline

By Chris Ritzo

March 9, 2021

Exploring NDT Data by Geography in Baltimore City

Baltimore Data Day is an annual conference bringing together “community leaders, nonprofit organizations, government and civic-minded technologists to explore trends in community-based data and learn how other groups are using data to support and advance constructive change.” Th...

NDTBigqueryData

By Chris Ritzo

September 18, 2020

Migrating NDT clients to ndt7

Following the [general availability of the ndt7 protocol][ndt7intro], we will be working with NDT client integrators to support their migration to ndt7. As they do, the NDT dataset will shift from predominantly ndt5 to predominantly ndt7. As part of assessing our readiness for this larger effort,...

NDTNDT7Research

By Lai Yi Ohlsen, Chris Ritzo, Matt Mathis

July 24, 2020

Measurement Observations on Network Performance During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Northern Italy

OONI was recently invited to participate in a NetGain Partnership webinar (titled “Surging Demand and The Global Internet Infrastructure”) to discuss the changing landscape for internet infrastructure and technology in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic. As part...

DataBigqueryResearch

By Chris Ritzo

July 17, 2020

Long Term Supported Schemas Using Standardized BigQuery Columns

Following the M-Lab platform upgrade in Nov. 2019, the development team began a series of follow up projects to enable access to NDT data for various audiences with differing needs. The first step in that process was the publication of "unified views", which present the most commonly used fields ...

DataBigquerySchema

By Chris Ritzo

July 15, 2020

Data Visualization Site Upgrade

The M-Lab team completed a major platform upgrade in November 2019, which required publication of NDT data to new BigQuery tables and views. Consequently, the aggregate NDT data presented on our visualization website has not been updated. We're pleased to report that the M-Lab data visualization ...

DataVisualization

By Chris Ritzo

May 20, 2020

NDT Unified Views Now Published

In November 2019, M-Lab reached a milestone after upgrading the operating system, virtualization, and TCP measurement instrumentation running on our servers worldwide. The upgrade also included a completely re-written ndt-server, providing backward compatibility to old clients, as well as the new...

NDTBigqueryData

By Chris Ritzo

May 7, 2020

NDT JavaScript Integrations - Update to Include Recent Client Bug Fix

A bug fix was recently deployed to M-Lab's NDT JavaScript client code resolving user support reports of consistently higher than expected upload measurements reported in the browser for tests run via speed.measurementlab.net. M-Lab recommends that any third parties who integrate the NDT test in J...

BugUpgradesDeveloper

By Chris Ritzo

April 22, 2020

Platform Transition Update - NDT Dataset, Tables, & Views

If you've been following our blog over the last few months, you know M-Lab has been working toward a complete server platform upgrade. As of November 20, 2019, all M-Lab servers are now managed by Kubernetes, running Docker container services for all experiments. This transition has greatly impro...

DataNDTSchema

By Chris Ritzo

December 13, 2019

Running Your Own ndt-server

If you've followed the M-Lab blog over the past year and a half, you'll know that we've been engineering and testing a massive upgrade to our server software and how it's managed and deployed [1] [2] [3] [4]. That's been a ton of work, and our team is excited to now complete the migration...

DataOpen SourcePerformance

By Chris Ritzo

November 26, 2019

Supporting Internet Self Determination at the 2019 Indigenous Connectivity Summit

Last week M-Lab was honored to attend and contribute at the 2019 Indigenous Connectivity Summit (ICS), presented by Internet Society, in Hilo, Hawai'i; and a community network training and building event in the soverign lands of indigenous Hawaiian people, Pu'u...

Community

By Chris Ritzo

October 25, 2019

Inspiring Work of Broadband Advocates and Researchers at the Michigan Broadband Summit

The first annual Michigan Broadband Summit was held on Sept. 24, 2019, sponsored by the MERIT research and education network, and it was my pleasure to attend on behalf of M-Lab. The gathering was an opportunity to learn more about the amazing work that MERIT, ind...

DataCommunity

By Chris Ritzo

October 4, 2019

NDT Dataset - 2 Billion Rows and Growing

While we've been hard at work this year on the M-Lab 2.0 Platform Upgrade and Global Pilot, the number of people all over the world runing NDT tests has continued to grow. We collected 2 billion total NDT results between 2009-01-01 and the beginning of the second quarter of 2019, and we are on tr...

Data

By Chris Ritzo

September 18, 2019

Update to M-Lab Policies

Earlier this month, M-Lab published updates to our policies after completing a comprehensive review to ensure our compliance with the EU General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) and in preparation for the M-Lab 2.0 platform modernization update that will be rolled out this fall. This post outlin...

PoliciesGDPRPrivacy

By Chris Ritzo

July 19, 2019

M-Lab Participates in Internet Measurements Workshop at 2019 African Internet Summit

M-Lab was pleased to be invited to contribute to the Internet Measurements workshop at the [2019 African Internet Summit][ais2019], June 15-16, 2019 in Kampala, Uganda. M-Lab tech lead, Peter Boothe, and advisor, Georgia Bullen, presented a hands-on tutorial on querying and visualizing performanc...

DataData AnalysisCommunity

By Chris Ritzo

July 1, 2019

Michigan Moonshot Data Collection Pilot Project Launches

M-Lab is excited to highlight the launch of "Michigan Moonshot", a pilot data collection project developed through a partnership with the MERIT Network, Michigan State University’s Quello Center, and M-Lab. We worked with MERIT developers who adapted the Piecew...

DataData AnalysisVisualization

By Chris Ritzo

April 26, 2019

M-Lab Visualization Site Update

If you’ve clicked on the Visualizations page on our website in the last year or so, and tried to find recent data for any location, you’ve likely been disappointed. TLDR; - Our visualization site is BACK! Continue reading to learn more..

DataData AnalysisVisualization

By Georgia Bullen, Chris Ritzo

April 1, 2019

Local Communities are Driving Broadband Speed Mapping in the US

Over the past few years, M-Lab has supported an increasing number of local communities, municipalities, regional coalitions, and others who are interested in understanding the state of broadband service in their area. In every case, communities come to M-Lab because of the openness of our data. C...

BroadbandCommunitySpeed

By Georgia Bullen, Chris Ritzo

March 28, 2019

Update: Paris Traceroute bug from Early 2018

In December 2017, M-Lab was notified of oddities in the Paris Traceroute data, which we then wrote about in January 2018. Upon investigation, a bug in the Paris Traceroute code was identified. The bug caused bad measurement data in 2.7% of the traceroutes since July 2016.

Paris TracerouteBugPlatform

By Chris Ritzo

November 12, 2018

SIGCOMM 2018 Hackathon Outcomes

M-Lab had the pleasure of attending the first ever SIGCOMM hackathon on August 25, 2018, at the Nokia Skypark headquarters in Budapest, Hungary. The hackathon, sponsored by Nokia, DECIX, and Netflix, invited network research faculty, students, and industry professionals from around the world to f...

EventCommunityBigquery

By Chris Ritzo

October 25, 2018

New ETL Pipeline and Transition to New BigQuery Tables

Since May 2017, the M-Lab team has been working on an updated, open source pipeline, which pulls raw data from our servers, saves it to Google Cloud Storage, and then parses it into our BigQuery tables. The team is particularly excited about this update because it means that the pipeline no longe...

PipelineBigqueryVersioning

By Chris Ritzo

February 9, 2018

Modernizing the M-Lab Platform

When the M-Lab platform was initially launched in 2009, the software and operating system running on our servers used the best available boot management, virtualization, and kernel-level measurement instrumentation available. In the years since M-Lab’s initial launch, the state of system administ...

UpgradesVirtualizationKernel

By Chris Ritzo

January 24, 2018

Paris Traceroute has a bug, and it causes some bad data

In December 2017, M-Lab was notified of oddities in the Paris Traceroute data. Upon investigation, a bug in the Paris Traceroute code was identified. The bug caused bad measurement data in 2.7% of the traceroutes since July 2016.

Paris TracerouteBugPlatform

By Chris Ritzo

January 24, 2018

Transitioning to a New Backend Pipeline and Data Availability

M-Lab data is collected from distributed experiments hosted on servers all over the world, processed in a pipeline, and published for free in both raw and parsed (structured) formats. The back end processing component for this has served us well for many years, but it's been showing its age recen...

BigqueryDataData Analysis

By Chris Ritzo

May 2, 2017

Announcing improved performance for M-Lab BigQuery data

Today, M-Lab is happy to announce the public beta of new M-Lab BigQuery tables. These tables provide substantially improved performance and reduce the difficulty of writing BigQuery SQL.

BigqueryPerformanceData

By Chris Ritzo

January 19, 2016

M-Lab at RIPE

On Thursday Nov. 6, Collin Anderson gave a talk at the RIPE meeting in London. Collin has been immersed in the M-Lab data for some time, and helped lead the recently published technical report, ISP Interconnection and its Impact on Consumer Internet Perform...

InterconnectionResearchRIPE

By Chris Ritzo

November 10, 2014

New Features for M-Lab Internet Observatory

We launched the M-Lab Internet Observatory last week to provide a window into ISP performance, letting people see how ISPs in the US are doing compared to each other, and to view the way in which the connections between ISPs impact performance. We will be releasing additional features and views a...

ObservatoryFeaturesVisualization

By Chris Ritzo

November 3, 2014

ISP Interconnection and its Impact on Consumer Internet Performance: Introducing A New M-Lab Consortium Technical Report

We are happy to announce the release of a long-term collaborative research effort using M-Lab's data to understand how interconnection impacts end-user performance. The report, ISP Interconnection and its Impact on Consumer Internet Performance examines years of network measurement...

ResearchInterconnectionConsumer Internet

By Chris Ritzo

October 28, 2014

Univ. of Michigan Students Join M-Lab for Alternative Spring Break

The Open Technology Institute hosted students from the Graduate School of Information at the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, March 3-7, 2014 for an Alternative Spring Break program. Two students met with key internal staff interested using M-Lab data to help answer broad research...

By Chris Ritzo

March 10, 2014